Forward Error Correction (FEC) is a foundational technology in modern optical communication systems, particularly crucial for high-speed data transmission across long distances. Simply put, it allows the receiving end to correct errors in the transmission without the need to resend data. In optical communication systems, once an. FEC (Forward Error Correction) technology, along with channel coding, is a technique used to control the error rate (packet loss, corruption) of received data packets when transmitting data in channels with low reliability and strong noise interference.