Oct 06, 2025
We demonstrate up to 173.22-Gb/s direct-detection transmission using a balanced photodetector wire-bonded to a 28-nm CMOS fully-differential gain-tunable TIA. Both 100-Gb/s PAM4 and capacity
Jan 30, 2026
Short-reach transmission systems traditionally utilize intensity modulation (IM) at the transmitter and direct detection (DD) at the receiver due to
Dec 26, 2025
In this chapter, we introduce and analyze the principle and application of the Kramers-Kronig receiver in direct detection systems. Due to the exponential growth of traffic in optical
Dec 02, 2025
Direct detection systems are communication systems that detect modulated optical power, often referred to as intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM-DD) systems, where a single photodiode is used
Dec 24, 2025
In this tutorial, we review various advanced direct detection schemes to bridge the gap between conventional direct and coherent detection. We show such schemes may play an important role for
Aug 18, 2025
The basic purpose of an optical receiver is to detect the received light incident on it and to convert it to an electrical signal containing the information impressed on the light at the transmitting end. The
Mar 07, 2026
The findings demonstrated that coherent detection markedly enhances receiver sensitivity by approximately 3 dB compared to direct detection, thereby augmenting the capacity of optical
Jul 05, 2026
Firstly and foremost, Direct Detect and Coherent use different levels of information. Direct Detection works by changing the amplitude of the light to transmit information.
Jul 04, 2026
We study probabilistic shaping for direct-detection systems that modulate the intensity or Stokes vector and are limited by thermal or amplifier noise, obtaining analytical formulas for the optimal (non
Apr 08, 2026
Performance of the direct-detection coherent receiver array for free-space optical (FSO) communications is evaluated with a full-link simulation model.
May 10, 2026
10.1. Direct-detection systems and their applications A direct-detection (DD) system is a communication system based on detecting modulated optical power (also referred to as the optical field intensity or
Apr 13, 2026
A comprehensive engineering guide to the evolving boundary between coherent and intensity-modulation direct-detection optics — covering reach,
Dec 31, 2025
This model is used to study the optimum receiver processing for direct-detection optical communication systems, and the structures of detectors and estimators for randomly filtered doubly stochastic
Jun 17, 2026
In this “metro” DCI context, network designers must choose between direct detection and coherent detection of optical signals. Each approach has different performance, cost, and complexity
Oct 13, 2025
With the proposed advanced direct detection techniques, this thesis provides some novel approaches for achieving high-spectral-efficiency direct detection transmission and could be promising for short
Oct 01, 2025
Using BER and EVM analysis, this paper will compare receiver sensitivity between coherent and direct detection.
Jul 07, 2026
Direct Detection Receivers - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document outlines the structure and functioning of a
May 31, 2026
We demonstrate a novel optical receiver for direct-detection of QPSK signals using microring-based photonic integrated circuit. The QPSK signal is converted into a PAM7 electrical signal, and
Oct 02, 2025
Direct detection is straightforward and we consider it first in our analysis of optical communication systems. Of course, we still use a laser as the source, since its diffraction-limited or single-transverse
Jun 11, 2026
Abstract: The drive for higher performance in optical fiber systems has renewed interest in coherent detection. We review detection methods, including noncoherent, differentially coherent, and coherent
Oct 30, 2025
We experimentally demonstrate a free-space optical communication system utilizing seven-aperture direct-detection receiver. We estimate the
Apr 20, 2026
But noncoherent detection can be implemented at lower complexity using simple direct detection, while differentially coherent detection can be implemented at lower complexity using interferometer(s) in
Mar 28, 2026
Abstract: A model that is sufficiently general to describe the predominant statistical characteristics of the output of many real optical detectors is formulated. This model is used to study the optimum receiver
Aug 23, 2025
Optical receiver characterization and calibration are important for both optical communication and instrumentation, which directly affect optical system performance and measurement accuracy. In this
Feb 16, 2026
This chapter describes the fundamental understanding of the detection of optical signals using direct techniques. Coherent detection will be described in Chapter 8. Optical preamplifi cation at the input
Mar 28, 2026
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a free-space optical communication system utilizing seven-aperture direct-detection receiver. We estimate the instantaneous SNR from the AC-coupled photo
Aug 27, 2025
Abstract High-speed transoceanic optical fiber transmission using direct modulation (DM) and direct detection (DD) was one of the most stirring breakthroughs for telecommunication in 1990s,
Jul 11, 2026
In coherent detection, a strong local oscillator is used, mixing with the optical signal at the receiver and effectively amplifying the weak optical signal. Thus, compared to direct detection,
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